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Computer System Structure
Computer system can be divided into four Komboonnts
Hardware - provides basic computing resources
CPU, memory, I / O devices
Operating system
Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and users
Application programs - define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users
Word processors, compilers, web browsers, database systems, video games
Users
People, machines, other computers
Operating System Definition
OS is a resource allocator
Manages all resources
Decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use
OS is a control program
Controls execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer
What is the difference between Computer Science, Computer Engineering, and Software Engineering?
* Computer Engineering (CE) deals with designing, developing, and operating computer systems. At its core, Computer Engineering concentrates on digital hardware devices and computers, and the software that controls them. Advanced courses focus on standard designs and techniques for specific application domains. In contrast to CS and SE, Computer Engineering emphasizes solving problems in digital hardware and at the hardware-software interface.
*Computer Science (CS) focuses on understanding, designing, and developing programs and computers. At its core, Computer Science concentrates on data, data transformation, and algorithms. Advanced courses present specialized programming techniques and specific application domains. The CS program is less structured than the CE and SE programs, giving students more flexibility to build depth or breadth in a variety of application domains or in the fundamentals of Computer Science.
*Software Engineering (SE) deals with building and maintaining software systems. It is more software-oriented and has a greater emphasis on large software applications than Computer Engineering. It is more applied than Computer Science, placing greater emphasis on the entire software development process, from idea to final product. It is also more disciplined than Computer Science, applying more systematic practices to help ensure that products are reliable and safe.
What is the program like?
Software engineering philosophy and discipline are taught early and practised throughout the program. Students are expected early on to design and evaluate their programs, in order to develop their technical skills as part of a successful development process. Through technical documentation, presentations, reports, and peer reviews, students develop strong communication skills. Through teamwork, they develop strong interpersonal skills.
At that price, though, the specs aren't exactly exciting. The 11-inch NB15T will run on an Intel Celeron (N2810) dual-core processor and sport a 500GB hard drive. The laptop will have USB 3.0 and an SD card reader. And at 3.3 pounds, it won't feel like a brick in your bag
Laptop Toshiba L850 | specifications and features of the price of a Laptop Toshiba L850
We will give you one of the versions maker Toshiba laptops, a Toshiba L850 and we will successfully this Thread explain Tfsalily to, specifications and features Toshiba Laptop L850
Price in Egypt almost 6700 LE
Laptop Toshiba L850 specifications
Available Colors Black - White - Red - Blue
Core i7 Processor
Speed 2.40 GHz
6 MB Cache
Hard 750 G
DDR3 RAM 6 G
VGA AMD (AMD)
Screen 15.6 "
Win 8 operating system
6 cell battery
1 year warranty
Photos Laptop Toshiba pump 0
Laptop hp
hp dm4
Features fully
-----
Part Number: dm4-1063cl
CPU / Processor: 2.26 GHz Intel Core i5 430M
RAM / Memory: 4 GB DDR3 (2 DIMMs)
Hard Drive Disk: 500 GB
Optical Drive: SuperMulti 8X DVD + R / RW with Double Layer Support
Display: 14.0 "LED LCD
Native Resolution: 1366x768
Graphics Accelerator: ATI Mobility Radeon HD 5450 S
Audio: Dolby Advanced Audio with Altec Lansing speakers
Output Ports: 3xUSB 2.0, 1xeSata, 1xVGA, 1xHDMI, 1 RJ-45 (LAN), 1 Audio-out, 1 Mic-in
Wired Connectivity: Integrated Gigabit Ethernet LAN
Wireless Connectivity: 802.11b/g/n WLAN
Operating System: Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit
Additional Features: HP TrueVision Webcam w / integrated digital microphone, HP SimplePass with integrated fingerprint reader,
5-in-1 Card Reader
HP G62-340us 15.6-Inch Laptop Computer (Charcoal). This is a stylish product at affordable prices, looks great with the fingerprint-resistant. Manage your daily tasks using a full-size keyboard and enjoy the entertainment with High-Definition 15.6 "diagonal LED display. Browse the Web anytime and on the go using built-in Wi-Fi. Large memory enables you to complete the multiple application work done together.
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Specifications Laptop Dell Dell N5050-B950:
- Screen: 15.6 inches
- Operating system: Windows 8
- Processor "Albroosissour": Core I7
- Speed of 2.2 MHz
- RAM 8 GB
- The size of the internal memory "hard drive": 1000 MB
Question and answer networking
1 . Define Network?
A network is a set of devices connected by physical media links. A network is recursively is a connection of two or more nodes by a physical link or two or more networks connected by one or more nodes.
2 . What is a Link?
At the lowest level, a network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Link.
3 . What is a node?
A network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Links and the computer it connects is called as Nodes.
4 . What is a gateway or Router?
A node that is connected to two or more networks is commonly called as router or Gateway. It generally forwards message from one network to another.
5 . What is point-point link?
If the physical links are limited to a pair of nodes it is said to be point-point link.
6 . What is Multiple Access?
If the physical links are shared by more than two nodes, it is said to be Multiple Access.
7 . What are the advantages of Distributed Processing?
a. Security / Encapsulation
b. Distributed database
c. Faster Problem solving
d. Security through redundancy
e. Collaborative Processing
8 . What are the criteria necessary for an effective and efficient network?
a. Performance
It can be measured in many ways, including transmit time and response time. b. Reliability
It is measured by frequency of failure, the time it takes a link to recover from a failure, and the network's robustness.
c. Security
Security issues includes protecting data from unauthorized access and virues.
9 . Name the factors that affect the performance of the network?
a. Number of Users
b. Type of transmission medium
c. Hardware
d. Software
10 . Name the factors that affect the reliability of the network?
a. Frequency of failure
b. Recovery time of a network after a failure
11 . Name the factors that affect the security of the network?
a. Unauthorized Access
b. Viruses
12 . What is Protocol?
A protocol is a set of rules that govern all aspects of information communication
Question and answer graphics
Question and answer
Q 1. Can you give some basic features of computer graphics?
Ans. The salient feature of computer graphics is the creation and manipulation of graphics (artificial images) by computer.
Q 2. Can you tell which major components (hardware and software) are needed for computer graphics?
Ans. Besides the basic computer, some special devices and software may be required especially for computer graphics. For hardware, a special high-resolution, color monitor is often demanded and some input tools, eg mouse and joy-sticker, and hard-copy devices, eg high-resolution color printer, may be required. For software, some special purpose utilities (device-dependent and device-independent) are needed for handling processing in computer graphics.
Q 3. Can you list at least three important applications of computer graphics?
Ans. There are many interesting applications of computer graphics. Three common applications are graphic user interface (GUI), computer-aided design (CAD), and computer games.
Q 4. Define Computer Graphics.
Ans. Computer graphics remains one of the most existing and rapidly growing computer fields. Computer graphics may be defined as a pictorial representation or graphical representation of objects in a computer.
Q 5. What is meant by scan code?
Ans. When a key is pressed on the keyboard, the keyboard controller places a code carry to the key pressed into a part of the memory called as the keyboard buffer. This code is called as the scan code.
Q 6. What does refreshing of the screen mean?
Ans. Some method is needed for maintaining the picture on the screen. Refreshing of screen is done by keeping the phosphorus glowing to redraw the picture repeatedly. i.e. by quickly directing the electronic beam back to the same points.
Q 7. Define Random Scan / Raster Scan displays.
Ans. Random scan is a method in which the display is made by the electronic beam, which is directed, only to the points or part of the screen where the picture is to be drawn.
The Raster scan system is a scanning technique in which the electrons sweep from top to bottom and from left to right. The intensity is turned on or off to light and unlight the pixel.
Q 8. Explain the merits and demerits of Penetration techniques.
Ans. The merits and demerits of the Penetration techniques are as follows:
It is an inexpensive technique.
It has only four colors.
The quality of the picture is not good when it is compared to other techniques.
It can display color scans in monitors.
Q 9. Explain the merits and demerits of DVST.
Ans. The merits and demerits of direct view storage tubes (DVST) are as follows:
It has a flat screen.
Refreshing of screen is not required.
Selective or part erasing of screen is not possible.
It has poor contrast.
Performance is inferior to the refresh CRT.
Q 10. What do you mean by emissive and non-emissive displays?
Ans. EMISSIVE:
The emissive display converts electrical energy into light energy. The plasma panels, thin film electro-luminescent displays are the examples.
NON-EMISSIVE:
They are optical effects to convert the sunlight or light from any other source to graphic form. Liquid crystal display is an example.
Q 11. Explain the merits and demerits of Plasma panel display.
Ans. ADVANTAGES:
Refreshing is not required.
Produce a very steady image free of Flicker.
Less bulky than a CRT.
DISADVANTAGES:
Poor resolution of up to 60 d.p.i.
It requires complex addressing and wiring.
It is costlier than CRT.
Q 12. What is persistence?
Ans. The time it takes the emitted light from the screen to decay one tenth of its original intensity is called as persistence.
Q 13. What is resolution?
Ans. The maximum number of points that can be displayed without an overlap on a CRT is called as resolution.
Q 14. What is Aspect Ratio?
Ans. The ratio of vertical points to the horizontal points necessary to produce length of lines in both directions of the screen is called Aspect Ratio. Usually the aspect ratio is ¾.
Q 15. What is meant by Addressability?
Ans. Addressability is the number of individual dots per inch (dpi) that can be created. If the address of the current dot is (x, y) then the next dot will be (x + y), (x + y + 1) etc.
Q 16. What is a dot size?
Ans. Dot size may be defined as the diameter of a single dot on the devices output. Dot size is also called as the Spot size.
Q 17. What is interdot distance?
Ans. Interdot distance is the reciprocal of addressability. If the addressability is large, the interdot distance will be less. The interdot distance should be less to get smooth shapes.
Q 18. What is the difference between impact and non-impact printers?
Ans. Impact printers press formed character faces against an inked ribbon on to the paper. A line printer and dot-matrix printer are examples.
Non-impact printer and plotters use Laser techniques, inkjet sprays, Xerographic process, electrostatic methods and electro thermal methods to get images onto the papers. Examples are: Inkjet / Laser printers.
Q 19. What is the features of Inkjet printers?
Ans. Features of inkjet printers:
They can print 2 to 4 pages / minutes.
Resolution is about 360d.p.i. Therefore better print quality is achieved.
The operating cost is very low. The only part that requires replacement is ink cartridge.
Four colors cyan, yellow, magenta, black are available.
Q 20. What are the advantages of laser printers?
Ans. Advantages of laser printer:
High speed, precision and economy.
Cheap to maintain.
Quality printers.
Lasts for longer time.
Toner power is very cheap.
Q 21. What is the advantages of electrostatic plotters?
Ans. Advantages of electrostatic plotters:
They are faster than pen plotters and very high quality printers.
Recent electrostatic plotters include a scan-conversion capability.
Color electrostatic plotters are available. They make multiple passes over the paper to plot color pictures.
Q 22. Explain the differences between a general graphics system designed for a programmer and one designed for a specific application, such as architectural design?
Ans. Basically, packages designed for graphics programming contain functions for setting primitives, attributes, and parameters for various graphics operations such as viewing and transformations. Packages designed for applications allow a user to create scenes in terms of the particular application, rather than in terms of graphics functions.
Q 23. Consider three different raster systems with resolutions of 640 x 480, 1280 x 1024 and 2560 x 2048.
What size is frame buffer (in bytes) for each of these systems to store 12 bits per pixel?
How much storage (in bytes) is required for each system if 24 bits per pixel are to be stored?
Ans. 1 . Because eight bits constitute a byte, frame-buffer sizes of the systems are as follows:
640 x 480 x 12 bits π 8 = 450KB
1280 x 1024 x 12 bits π 8 = 1920KB
2560 x 2048 x 12 bits π 8 = 7680KB
2 . Similarly, each of the above results is just doubled for 24 (12x2) bits of storage per pixel.
Q 24. Consider two raster systems with the resolutions of 640 x 480 and 1280 x 1024.
How many pixels could be accessed per second in each of these systems by a display controller that refreshes the screen at a rate of 60 frames per second?
What is the access time per pixel in each system?
Ans. 1 . Since 60 frames are refreshed per second and each frame consists of 640 x 480 pixels, the access rate of such a system is:
(640 x 480) * 60 = 1.8432 x 107 pixels / second.
Likewise, for the 1280 x 1024 system, the access rate is:
(1280 x 1024) * 60 = 7.86432 x 107 pixels / second.
2 . According to the definition of access rate, we know that the access time per pixel should be 1 / (access rate). Therefore, the access time is around 54 nanoseconds / pixel for the 640 x 480 system, and the access time is around 12.7 nanoseconds / pixel for the 1280 x 1024 system.
Q 25. Consider a raster system with the resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels and the color palette calls for 65,536 colors. What is the minimum amount of video RAM that the computer must have to support the above-mentioned resolution and number of colors?
Ans. Recall that the color of each pixel on a display is represented with some number of bits. Hence, a display capable of showing up to 256 colors is using 8 bits per pixels (ie, "8-bit color").
Notice, first that the color palette calls for 65,536 colors. This number is but 216, which implies that 16 bits are being used to represent the color of each pixel on the display. The display's resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels, which implies that there is a total of 786,432 (1024 × 768) pixels on the display. Hence, the total number of bits required to display any of 65,536 colors on each of the screen's 786,432 pixels is 12,582,912 (786,432 × 16). Dividing this value by 8 yields an answer of 1,572,864 bytes. Dividing that value by 1,024 yields an answer of 1,536 KB. Dividing that value by 1,024 yields an answer of 1.5 MB.
How to make windows 7 run on ram 256
If you want to run Windows 7 on your computer, here are the requirements to do this:
- 1 GHz processor or faster processor 32-bit (X86) or 64-bit (x64)
- Random Access Memory (RAM) 1 GB (32-bit) or 2 GB (64-bit)
-16 GB of available space on the hard drive (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit)
- Graphics device installed DirectX 9 and provider WDDM driver version 1.0 or higher
Q: What is the best Internet browser?
A: In my opinion .. Firefox is
Q: Why?
1) does not have loopholes so far
2) Additions and its settings are not found in any other browser
Dell Studio 15 i3 Laptop Price In India
*Style
*Ruby Red Colour with Black U-Trim
*Genuine Windows ® 7 Home Premium 64bit (English)
*Intel ® Core ™ i3-370M processor (2.4GHz, 2Core/4Threads, 3M cache)
*McAfee (R) Security Center (Multi-Language) - 30-Day Trial Version
*3GB 1333MHz DDR3 SDRAM (1 x 2G +1 x 1G) (operates at 1066MHZ for Core i3/i5, and i7-*620M processors)
*320GB 7200RPM SATA Hard Drive
*Internal 8X DVD + /-RW Combination Drive with dual layer write capabilities
*Integrated Stereo Sound with Subwoofer
*No Carrying Case
*Bezel with Integrated 2.0MP Web Cam
*9-cell Lithium Ion Primary Battery
*90W AC Adapter
*Dell 1520 Wireless-N Card
operating system (OS)
operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is an essential component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function.
Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware, 1-2 although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and will frequently make a system call to an OS function or be interrupted by it. Operating systems can be found on almost any device that contains a computer from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
Examples of popular modern operating systems include Android, BSD iOS, Linux, OS X QNX Microsoft Windows [3] Windows Phone, and IBM z / OS. All these, except Windows, Windows Phone and z / OS, share roots in UNIX
Computer System Structure
Computer system can be divided into four Komboonnts
Hardware - provides basic computing resources
CPU, memory, I / O devices
Operating system
Controls and coordinates use of hardware among various applications and users
Application programs - define the ways in which the system resources are used to solve the computing problems of the users
Word processors, compilers, web browsers, database systems, video games
Users
People, machines, other computers
Operating System Definition
OS is a resource allocator
Manages all resources
Decides between conflicting requests for efficient and fair resource use
OS is a control program
Controls execution of programs to prevent errors and improper use of the computer
What is the difference between Computer Science, Computer Engineering, and Software Engineering?
* Computer Engineering (CE) deals with designing, developing, and operating computer systems. At its core, Computer Engineering concentrates on digital hardware devices and computers, and the software that controls them. Advanced courses focus on standard designs and techniques for specific application domains. In contrast to CS and SE, Computer Engineering emphasizes solving problems in digital hardware and at the hardware-software interface.
*Computer Science (CS) focuses on understanding, designing, and developing programs and computers. At its core, Computer Science concentrates on data, data transformation, and algorithms. Advanced courses present specialized programming techniques and specific application domains. The CS program is less structured than the CE and SE programs, giving students more flexibility to build depth or breadth in a variety of application domains or in the fundamentals of Computer Science.
*Software Engineering (SE) deals with building and maintaining software systems. It is more software-oriented and has a greater emphasis on large software applications than Computer Engineering. It is more applied than Computer Science, placing greater emphasis on the entire software development process, from idea to final product. It is also more disciplined than Computer Science, applying more systematic practices to help ensure that products are reliable and safe.
What is the program like?
Software engineering philosophy and discipline are taught early and practised throughout the program. Students are expected early on to design and evaluate their programs, in order to develop their technical skills as part of a successful development process. Through technical documentation, presentations, reports, and peer reviews, students develop strong communication skills. Through teamwork, they develop strong interpersonal skills.
Satellite NB15T touch-enabled laptop
Lastly, the Satellite NB15t looks to undercut low-priced touchscreen laptops like Asus' VivoBooks and HP's Touchsmart Sleekbooks, with an enticing starting MSRP of $ 380 and a sleek-looking design for a budget laptop.At that price, though, the specs aren't exactly exciting. The 11-inch NB15T will run on an Intel Celeron (N2810) dual-core processor and sport a 500GB hard drive. The laptop will have USB 3.0 and an SD card reader. And at 3.3 pounds, it won't feel like a brick in your bag
Laptop Toshiba L850 | specifications and features of the price of a Laptop Toshiba L850
We will give you one of the versions maker Toshiba laptops, a Toshiba L850 and we will successfully this Thread explain Tfsalily to, specifications and features Toshiba Laptop L850
Price in Egypt almost 6700 LE
Laptop Toshiba L850 specifications
Available Colors Black - White - Red - Blue Core i7 Processor
Speed 2.40 GHz
6 MB Cache
Hard 750 G
DDR3 RAM 6 G
VGA AMD (AMD)
Screen 15.6 "
Win 8 operating system
6 cell battery
1 year warranty
Photos Laptop Toshiba pump 0
Laptop hp
hp dm4
Features fully
-----
Part Number: dm4-1063cl
CPU / Processor: 2.26 GHz Intel Core i5 430M
RAM / Memory: 4 GB DDR3 (2 DIMMs) Hard Drive Disk: 500 GB
Optical Drive: SuperMulti 8X DVD + R / RW with Double Layer Support
Display: 14.0 "LED LCD
Native Resolution: 1366x768
Graphics Accelerator: ATI Mobility Radeon HD 5450 S
Audio: Dolby Advanced Audio with Altec Lansing speakers
Output Ports: 3xUSB 2.0, 1xeSata, 1xVGA, 1xHDMI, 1 RJ-45 (LAN), 1 Audio-out, 1 Mic-in
Wired Connectivity: Integrated Gigabit Ethernet LAN
Wireless Connectivity: 802.11b/g/n WLAN
Operating System: Windows 7 Home Premium 64-bit
Additional Features: HP TrueVision Webcam w / integrated digital microphone, HP SimplePass with integrated fingerprint reader,
5-in-1 Card Reader
HP G62-340us 15.6-Inch Laptop Computer (Charcoal). This is a stylish product at affordable prices, looks great with the fingerprint-resistant. Manage your daily tasks using a full-size keyboard and enjoy the entertainment with High-Definition 15.6 "diagonal LED display. Browse the Web anytime and on the go using built-in Wi-Fi. Large memory enables you to complete the multiple application work done together.
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Best Laptop Computer
Specifications Laptop Dell Dell N5050-B950:
- Screen: 15.6 inches
- Operating system: Windows 8 - Processor "Albroosissour": Core I7
- Speed of 2.2 MHz
- RAM 8 GB
- The size of the internal memory "hard drive": 1000 MB
Question and answer networking
1 . Define Network?
A network is a set of devices connected by physical media links. A network is recursively is a connection of two or more nodes by a physical link or two or more networks connected by one or more nodes.
2 . What is a Link?
At the lowest level, a network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Link.
3 . What is a node?
A network can consist of two or more computers directly connected by some physical medium such as coaxial cable or optical fiber. Such a physical medium is called as Links and the computer it connects is called as Nodes.
4 . What is a gateway or Router?
A node that is connected to two or more networks is commonly called as router or Gateway. It generally forwards message from one network to another.
5 . What is point-point link?
If the physical links are limited to a pair of nodes it is said to be point-point link.
6 . What is Multiple Access?
If the physical links are shared by more than two nodes, it is said to be Multiple Access.
7 . What are the advantages of Distributed Processing?
a. Security / Encapsulation
b. Distributed database
c. Faster Problem solving
d. Security through redundancy
e. Collaborative Processing
8 . What are the criteria necessary for an effective and efficient network?
a. Performance
It can be measured in many ways, including transmit time and response time. b. Reliability
It is measured by frequency of failure, the time it takes a link to recover from a failure, and the network's robustness.
c. Security
Security issues includes protecting data from unauthorized access and virues.
9 . Name the factors that affect the performance of the network?
a. Number of Users
b. Type of transmission medium
c. Hardware
d. Software
10 . Name the factors that affect the reliability of the network?
a. Frequency of failure
b. Recovery time of a network after a failure
11 . Name the factors that affect the security of the network?
a. Unauthorized Access
b. Viruses
12 . What is Protocol?
A protocol is a set of rules that govern all aspects of information communication
Question and answer graphics
Question and answer
Q 1. Can you give some basic features of computer graphics?
Ans. The salient feature of computer graphics is the creation and manipulation of graphics (artificial images) by computer.
Q 2. Can you tell which major components (hardware and software) are needed for computer graphics?
Ans. Besides the basic computer, some special devices and software may be required especially for computer graphics. For hardware, a special high-resolution, color monitor is often demanded and some input tools, eg mouse and joy-sticker, and hard-copy devices, eg high-resolution color printer, may be required. For software, some special purpose utilities (device-dependent and device-independent) are needed for handling processing in computer graphics.
Q 3. Can you list at least three important applications of computer graphics?
Ans. There are many interesting applications of computer graphics. Three common applications are graphic user interface (GUI), computer-aided design (CAD), and computer games.
Q 4. Define Computer Graphics.
Ans. Computer graphics remains one of the most existing and rapidly growing computer fields. Computer graphics may be defined as a pictorial representation or graphical representation of objects in a computer.
Q 5. What is meant by scan code?
Ans. When a key is pressed on the keyboard, the keyboard controller places a code carry to the key pressed into a part of the memory called as the keyboard buffer. This code is called as the scan code.
Q 6. What does refreshing of the screen mean?
Ans. Some method is needed for maintaining the picture on the screen. Refreshing of screen is done by keeping the phosphorus glowing to redraw the picture repeatedly. i.e. by quickly directing the electronic beam back to the same points.
Q 7. Define Random Scan / Raster Scan displays.
Ans. Random scan is a method in which the display is made by the electronic beam, which is directed, only to the points or part of the screen where the picture is to be drawn.
The Raster scan system is a scanning technique in which the electrons sweep from top to bottom and from left to right. The intensity is turned on or off to light and unlight the pixel.
Q 8. Explain the merits and demerits of Penetration techniques.
Ans. The merits and demerits of the Penetration techniques are as follows:
It is an inexpensive technique.
It has only four colors.
The quality of the picture is not good when it is compared to other techniques.
It can display color scans in monitors.
Q 9. Explain the merits and demerits of DVST.
Ans. The merits and demerits of direct view storage tubes (DVST) are as follows:
It has a flat screen.
Refreshing of screen is not required.
Selective or part erasing of screen is not possible.
It has poor contrast.
Performance is inferior to the refresh CRT.
Q 10. What do you mean by emissive and non-emissive displays?
Ans. EMISSIVE:
The emissive display converts electrical energy into light energy. The plasma panels, thin film electro-luminescent displays are the examples.
NON-EMISSIVE:
They are optical effects to convert the sunlight or light from any other source to graphic form. Liquid crystal display is an example.
Q 11. Explain the merits and demerits of Plasma panel display.
Ans. ADVANTAGES:
Refreshing is not required.
Produce a very steady image free of Flicker.
Less bulky than a CRT.
DISADVANTAGES:
Poor resolution of up to 60 d.p.i.
It requires complex addressing and wiring.
It is costlier than CRT.
Q 12. What is persistence?
Ans. The time it takes the emitted light from the screen to decay one tenth of its original intensity is called as persistence.
Q 13. What is resolution?
Ans. The maximum number of points that can be displayed without an overlap on a CRT is called as resolution.
Q 14. What is Aspect Ratio?
Ans. The ratio of vertical points to the horizontal points necessary to produce length of lines in both directions of the screen is called Aspect Ratio. Usually the aspect ratio is ¾.
Q 15. What is meant by Addressability?
Ans. Addressability is the number of individual dots per inch (dpi) that can be created. If the address of the current dot is (x, y) then the next dot will be (x + y), (x + y + 1) etc.
Q 16. What is a dot size?
Ans. Dot size may be defined as the diameter of a single dot on the devices output. Dot size is also called as the Spot size.
Q 17. What is interdot distance?
Ans. Interdot distance is the reciprocal of addressability. If the addressability is large, the interdot distance will be less. The interdot distance should be less to get smooth shapes.
Q 18. What is the difference between impact and non-impact printers?
Ans. Impact printers press formed character faces against an inked ribbon on to the paper. A line printer and dot-matrix printer are examples.
Non-impact printer and plotters use Laser techniques, inkjet sprays, Xerographic process, electrostatic methods and electro thermal methods to get images onto the papers. Examples are: Inkjet / Laser printers.
Q 19. What is the features of Inkjet printers?
Ans. Features of inkjet printers:
They can print 2 to 4 pages / minutes.
Resolution is about 360d.p.i. Therefore better print quality is achieved.
The operating cost is very low. The only part that requires replacement is ink cartridge.
Four colors cyan, yellow, magenta, black are available.
Q 20. What are the advantages of laser printers?
Ans. Advantages of laser printer:
High speed, precision and economy.
Cheap to maintain.
Quality printers.
Lasts for longer time.
Toner power is very cheap.
Q 21. What is the advantages of electrostatic plotters?
Ans. Advantages of electrostatic plotters:
They are faster than pen plotters and very high quality printers.
Recent electrostatic plotters include a scan-conversion capability.
Color electrostatic plotters are available. They make multiple passes over the paper to plot color pictures.
Q 22. Explain the differences between a general graphics system designed for a programmer and one designed for a specific application, such as architectural design?
Ans. Basically, packages designed for graphics programming contain functions for setting primitives, attributes, and parameters for various graphics operations such as viewing and transformations. Packages designed for applications allow a user to create scenes in terms of the particular application, rather than in terms of graphics functions.
Q 23. Consider three different raster systems with resolutions of 640 x 480, 1280 x 1024 and 2560 x 2048.
What size is frame buffer (in bytes) for each of these systems to store 12 bits per pixel?
How much storage (in bytes) is required for each system if 24 bits per pixel are to be stored?
Ans. 1 . Because eight bits constitute a byte, frame-buffer sizes of the systems are as follows:
640 x 480 x 12 bits π 8 = 450KB
1280 x 1024 x 12 bits π 8 = 1920KB
2560 x 2048 x 12 bits π 8 = 7680KB
2 . Similarly, each of the above results is just doubled for 24 (12x2) bits of storage per pixel.
Q 24. Consider two raster systems with the resolutions of 640 x 480 and 1280 x 1024.
How many pixels could be accessed per second in each of these systems by a display controller that refreshes the screen at a rate of 60 frames per second?
What is the access time per pixel in each system?
Ans. 1 . Since 60 frames are refreshed per second and each frame consists of 640 x 480 pixels, the access rate of such a system is:
(640 x 480) * 60 = 1.8432 x 107 pixels / second.
Likewise, for the 1280 x 1024 system, the access rate is:
(1280 x 1024) * 60 = 7.86432 x 107 pixels / second.
2 . According to the definition of access rate, we know that the access time per pixel should be 1 / (access rate). Therefore, the access time is around 54 nanoseconds / pixel for the 640 x 480 system, and the access time is around 12.7 nanoseconds / pixel for the 1280 x 1024 system.
Q 25. Consider a raster system with the resolution of 1024 x 768 pixels and the color palette calls for 65,536 colors. What is the minimum amount of video RAM that the computer must have to support the above-mentioned resolution and number of colors?
Ans. Recall that the color of each pixel on a display is represented with some number of bits. Hence, a display capable of showing up to 256 colors is using 8 bits per pixels (ie, "8-bit color").
Notice, first that the color palette calls for 65,536 colors. This number is but 216, which implies that 16 bits are being used to represent the color of each pixel on the display. The display's resolution is 1024 by 768 pixels, which implies that there is a total of 786,432 (1024 × 768) pixels on the display. Hence, the total number of bits required to display any of 65,536 colors on each of the screen's 786,432 pixels is 12,582,912 (786,432 × 16). Dividing this value by 8 yields an answer of 1,572,864 bytes. Dividing that value by 1,024 yields an answer of 1,536 KB. Dividing that value by 1,024 yields an answer of 1.5 MB.
How to make windows 7 run on ram 256
If you want to run Windows 7 on your computer, here are the requirements to do this:
- 1 GHz processor or faster processor 32-bit (X86) or 64-bit (x64)
- Random Access Memory (RAM) 1 GB (32-bit) or 2 GB (64-bit)
-16 GB of available space on the hard drive (32-bit) or 20 GB (64-bit)
- Graphics device installed DirectX 9 and provider WDDM driver version 1.0 or higher
Q: What is the best Internet browser?
A: In my opinion .. Firefox is
Q: Why?
1) does not have loopholes so far
2) Additions and its settings are not found in any other browser
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operating system (OS)
operating system (OS) is a collection of software that manages computer hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. The operating system is an essential component of the system software in a computer system. Application programs usually require an operating system to function.
Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the system and may also include accounting software for cost allocation of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.
For hardware functions such as input and output and memory allocation, the operating system acts as an intermediary between programs and the computer hardware, 1-2 although the application code is usually executed directly by the hardware and will frequently make a system call to an OS function or be interrupted by it. Operating systems can be found on almost any device that contains a computer from cellular phones and video game consoles to supercomputers and web servers.
Examples of popular modern operating systems include Android, BSD iOS, Linux, OS X QNX Microsoft Windows [3] Windows Phone, and IBM z / OS. All these, except Windows, Windows Phone and z / OS, share roots in UNIX